Conception  and pregnancy works hand in hand because after pregnancy is conception . Once a lady is confirmed pregnant she wait for 9 months before she will deliver which means that conception has taken place . Having a baby is one of the greatest things that would ever happen to any family. It is always the wish of every couple to have their own children, having babies are a sign that the couple are medically fit in all areas related to their reproductive health. Many things are been put into consideration for the couple to have their own children, the sperm deposited by the male sperm cell into the female ovary have to undergo some modifications before it can be transformed into a normal human baby before been delivered. We are going to take you through some changes that do occur before a baby is made and born into the world  All organism reproduce, in human beings, reproduction involves two types of cells ;sperms produced by the testes in men, and eggs, produced by the ovaries in women. They are brought together by sexual intercourse ;if the sperm penetrate and fertilise the egg, the man and the woman DNA combines to form new cells . Conception occurs when these cells embeb themselves in the uterus. During pregnancy, which lasts for about 40 weeks (9 months) the cells develop into a baby .   



Fetus in it mothers womb. 


       How the baby is nourished in the womb 

    An unborn baby depends on its mother to supply it with oxygen, nutrient and antibodies against infection, and to remove its waste products. These substance passes through the mothers blood and the baby's blood inside the placenta, the mother's and baby's blood supplies are brought close together, although they do not actually mix. Pregnancy brings a woman into many commitments before giving birth as she will have to take some certain precautions before her conception.

              The baby's development  

  The baby develop in a sac inthe uterus. It is cushioned by amniotic fluid and nourished by blood from the umbilical cord. Inthe first 8 weeks,  the baby is known  as an embryo, during this time the limb, head and facial features appear, most of the organ form and the heart begins to beat. From week 8 the baby is called a foetus. The body structure continues to develop through out the pregnancy  

              Changes in the mother's body

  Pregnancy is divided into three stages (trimester) each about three months long. During pregnancy the mothers body undergoes major changes. The most noticeable is the swelling of the abdomen as the baby grows and the enlargement of the breast as they prepare to produce milk. However the mother heartbeat increases about 8 heart beat per minute in order to increase blood circulation . Changes in hormones levels may cause symptoms such as nausea . The mother may begin to experience backache due to the weight of the fetus, her appetite may increase.  Inthe third trimester the mother rapidly gain weight as the fetus undergoes a growth spurt. 

              The new born baby.

    A new born baby has to cope with dramatic physical changes as it leaves the total protection of the mothers uterus. In particular, the baby's body has to adapt in order to breath air and function independently of the mother . The body system can carry out the basic functions necessary for life, but they continued to develop and mature throughout childhood. A new born baby also shows certain basic patterns of behaviour that aid his or her survival, such as finding the mothers breast, suckling, responding to stimuli such as noise  and crying to gain attention and care.

A new born baby  

              Reflex actions and movement in children

   Babies are born with certain automatic patterns of behaviour, Some of these activities are involuntary actions,such as breathing and passing urine and faeces and others are Reflex actions, instinctive movements designed to protect and aid survival. Others maybe relics from a more primitive stage of human evolution ;for example the grasp Reflex is thought to have originated with our ape ancestors,whose babies had to cling to their mothers as they are been carried. 

             The baby's heart before and after birth

       In the fetus, the task of adding oxygen to the blood and filtering out waste gases isy the placenta, but at birth the baby have to start breathing  obtaining oxygen from the lung. Before birth, the fetus heart pumps blood around the body and to the umbilical cord, but most of the blood bypass the pulmonary arteries by flowing through special opening inthe heart. With the baby first breath the lungs expand and takes in air, this triggers change inthe heart and circulation, causing the two opening in the heart to close so that all blood from the rest of the body then flows through the pulmonary arteries to the lung to be oxygenated.

             Child growth and development 

  Childhood is a time of dramatic physical, mental, and social development, during which a person grows from a dependent baby into a  matured self sufficient individual. In addition the child learns skills that allows him or her to interact with other people and with the environment. The rate of growth is  fastest during their first year of life, and their is another period of rapid growth during puberty, the transition from childhood to adulthood . Growth in childhood is controlled by hormone and is also influenced by factors such as, diet and general health. A child body grows continuously, but the rate of growth varies depending on the stages of life ;the most rapid overall growth occurs during infancy and puberty. In addition some parts of the body develops faster than others, causing the body proportion to alter as the child grows. Having a child is one thing caring and nurturing them to grow is another important aspect of childbirth, we should endeavour to care for our child right from the fetus stage to the infancy stage. Get more results on our page female health forum .