Chronic kidney disease has been a troubling sickness to many people mostly Nigerian and the world at large . Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a presence of kidney damage, manifested by abnormal albumin excretion or decrease kidney function, quantified by measured or estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that persist for more than three months .


     You have two kidney each kidney is about the size of your fist. They are located near the middle of your back just below the rib cage. Healthy kidney do many important jobs,they

     They regulate the composition and volume of blood  remove metabolic waste in the urine and help control the acid base balance in the body. 

      They produce erythroprotein needed for red blood cells synthesis and activate vitamin D needed for calcium absorption and bone health. 

                 STRUCTURES OF THE KIDNEY  

   Think of your kidney as a coffee filter when you make coffee the filter keeps the coffee grain inside but allows water to pass through, your kidney do something similar, they keep the things you need inside the body but filters out the thing you don't need . Each of your kidney has 1.5 million filter called nephron  Nephron removes waste and extra fluid from your blood inthe form of urine.  The urine flow through two tubes called the urethra to the bladder. The urine is stored there until you urinate   The waste comes from the breakdown of what you eat or drink or the medicines you take,  plus normal muscles activity. 

      About one in ten people have chronic kidney disease  African Americans,America Indians  and South Asian  particularly those from parkistan  Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and India are at a higher risk of developing chronic disease. African Americans are at a greater risk due to the prevalence of hypertension among them.

     Chronic kidney disease was the cause of 956000 death globally in 2013,up from 409000 deaths in 1990, in Canada.1.9 to 2.3 million people were estimated to have chronic kidney disease in 2008 . The US centre for disease control found out that chronic kidney diseases affected an estimated 16.8 percentage of US adults aged from 20 and older. 


       CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE.

    High blood pressure. 

    Prostrate and kidney stones . 

     Painkilling drugs (analgesic ) 

    Diabetes 

     Hypertension. 

      Smoking and immunological disease  

  COMPLICATIONS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE  

      Metabolic acidosis. 

      Malnutrition (low serum albumin) 

      Fluid and salt retention  

        Cardiovascular disease. 


      SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASES  

     feel tired or short of breath . 

    Have trouble thinking clearly  

     Not feel like eating  

     Have trouble sleeping 

       Have swollen feet and ankle . 


       DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE  

   Doctors perform a physical exam, also checking for signs and problems with your heart or blood vessels and conduct a neurological exam. 

    *Blood test  Kidney function test works for the level of waste products such as creatinine and urea, in your blood. 

     *urine test analysing the sample of your urine may reveal abnormalities that point to chronic kidney failure and help to identify the causes. 

      *An ultrasound or ct scan to get a picture of your kidney and urinary system. This picture shows the size of your kidney whether they are too large or too small. They also show if you have cyst or any tumor. 

         TREATMENT AND MEDICATION. 

    There is no cure for chronic kidney disease but constant treatment can help to relief the symptoms and stops it from getting worse. 

    * Lifestyle changes to make sure you remains as healthy as possible. 

    *medication to control associated problems such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol . 

    *Dialysis treatment to replicate some of the kidney function, this maybe necessary in advanced chronic kidney disease. 

    *kidney transplant this may also be necessary in advanced chronic kidney disease.

      PREVENTION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE  

   *  Stop smoking 

   *maintain a healthy diet 

     A balanced diet should have 

    *plenty of fruits and vegetables aim for at least five portion per day  

     *low level of saturated fat. 

   *cut down you alcohol intake level. 

    *exercise regularly, it will lower your blood pressure . Exercise atleast 150 minutes per day . 

   *be careful with painkillers . Kidney disease canbe caused by taking too many anti inflammatory such as aspirin and ibuprofen .